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最新移民大调查: 90%的457签证者满意澳洲的生活

一般而言，澳洲被视为适合其他国家人士工作及定居的地方，但近期的最大规模移民调查数据显示，移民在某些方面的经历仍未尽人意或遭到歧视。

据澳洲报导，持457临时技术移民签证来澳的新移民最为快乐，生活也过得更为丰富。有九成的457签证移民对澳洲的生活感到满意。与之形成对比的是，很多持独立技术移民签证来澳的人难以找到工作，其中有近半数的人称需要适应或连付账单都有困难。

斯坎伦基金会（Scanlon Foundation）和蒙纳士大学（Monash University）、澳洲多元文化基金会（Australian Multicultural Foundation）针对万名出生于澳洲、或是近期从20个国家来澳的人进行调查，并撰写了名为《今日澳洲人》（Australians Today）的报告。

报告作者马库斯（Andrew Markus）发现，在对生活的满意度方面，457移民和那些独立技术移民之间有着巨大差异。他分析称，“觉得生活艰难的独立技术移民的比例，比457签证者多了一倍有余。其中最具可能性的原因是457签证者在来澳之前，工作就已经安排好了”。

对很多独立技术移民或持其他签证类别的人来说，虽然他们能够达到来澳的要求，但要凭自己的专业领域及工作经验找工作却面临巨大的困难，其中包括了难以掌握自己所不熟悉的制度要求，以及缺乏本地工作经验等。

很多新移民甚至已来澳多年的人都认为，在求职过程中会因为种族及宗教信仰而遭遇歧视。

但很多新移民都对自己在澳的生活前景持乐观态度。就“澳洲是一个充满经济机会，只要长期努力工作就能过上好日子”这个问题上，最近5年来澳的移民中仅有6%表示不赞同，比起2001-2005年调查时的13%，以及1991-1995年时的18%大幅减少。

与之类似的是，来澳不足5年的新移民对联邦政府、澳洲移民及边境保护部以及综援Centrelink的信任度，比来澳10-14年的移民更高。

对澳归属感随居留时间增加

在被问及对澳洲的归属感时，仅有9%的新移民称“完全没有”，而在2001年后来澳的移民中，有近65%对澳洲的归属感为“非常大”或“适度”；1991-2000年期间来澳的移民，有归属感的达到82%，1981至1990年期间来澳的更是高达88%。

入籍比例也是显示移民对澳洲认同度的一大重要指标。在澳居留5到9年的移民有约50%都称已经是澳洲公民，居住10至14年的移民的入籍率为59%，居住15至19年的移民的入籍率则高达82%。

报告还显示，新老移民在与祖国的联系方面也有所区分。在2011年至2015年期间来澳的移民里，有71%左右会每天或每周通过短信或社交媒体与在祖国的亲友联系；而2001至2005年期间来澳移民的这一比例则降到了65%。

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Temporary Graduate Visa

The Temporary Graduate visa (subclass 485) lets you live, study and work in Australia temporarily after you have finished your studies. Students are only able to access the Temporary Graduate visa (subclass 485) once as a primary applicant.

Graduate Work stream:

for international students who graduate with qualifications that are closely related. A visa in this stream is granted for 18 months.

Post-Study Work stream:

for international students who graduate with an eligible qualification. This stream is only available to students who applied for and were granted their first student visa on or after 5 November 2011. A visa in this stream can be granted for up to four years, depending on the qualification obtained in Australia.

Two-year Australian study requirement

It is possible to apply for a GSM subclass 485 visa, whether under the Post-Study Work stream or Graduate Work stream, on the basis of having completed studies after at least two years in Australia. Under Schedule 6D points are also available to applicants completing qualifications after at least two years of study in Australia.

Common criteria to meet in both the Graduate Work stream and Post-Study Work stream

The applicant must satisfy common criteria for the grant of a visa, which are found in Schedule 2 to the Regulations.

Common requirements are:

  • the main applicant must not have previously held a subclass 476 or 485 visa on the basis of satisfying the primary criteria;
  • when the application was made, it was accompanied by evidence that the main applicant had competent English;
  • when the application was made, it was accompanied by evidence that all applicants aged 16 or over included in the application had applied for Australian Federal Police checks in the 12 months before the application is made;
  • when the application was made, it was accompanied by evidence that all applicants included in the application had made arrangements to undergo medical examinations for the application;
  • when the application was made, it was accompanied by evidence that all applicants included in the application had adequate arrangements in Australia for health insurance. In addition, all applicants included in the application need to show that they have had adequate arrangements in Australia for health insurance since the time the application was made. That is, to cover the period when the application was made and when the Department is assessing the application (ie time of decision).
    • applicants who are also student visa holders may present evidence of a valid Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC) policy at time of visa application to satisfy this criterion. However, OSHC is not acceptable at time of decision;
    • if the applicant moves from the student visa to a bridging visa when their student visa ceases, they will be required to obtain a non-OSHC policy to meet health insurance requirements for their subclass 485 visa application immediately after their OHSC ceases;
    • if the applicant is not a student visa holder when they make their application, OSHC is not acceptable evidence of health insurance;
  • all applicants must meet health, character and other public interest and special return criteria
  • all applicants must hold a valid passport, unless it would be unreasonable to require them to do so;
  • this visa subclass is subject to capping.
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