What’s changed in 2025
International graduates now face tighter Temporary Graduate (subclass 485) settings, including a maximum eligible age of 35 for most streams and reduced stay durations tied to qualification level, so planning PR pathways earlier is essential in 2025 [web:105][web:106].
Australia also introduced the Skills in Demand (SID) employer‑sponsored visa framework under subclass 482 with a Core Skills stream anchored to the new Core Skills Occupation List (CSOL), creating clearer sponsorship and PR pathways than prior TSS settings [web:68][web:71].
The points‑tested program remains active, with a strong SkillSelect invitation round on 21 August 2025 issuing 6,887 invitations for subclass 189, which underscores the viability of GSM routes for competitive applicants [web:47].
Pathway 1: Points‑tested PR (189/190/491)
189 Skilled Independent
Subclass 189 is a permanent visa without state nomination that requires a relevant skilled occupation, skills assessment, Competent English, age under 45 at invitation, and a minimum 65 points on the points test via EOI in SkillSelect, offering freedom to live anywhere in Australia upon grant [web:1][web:29].
The 21 August 2025 invitation round issued 6,887 invitations for 189, showing renewed momentum, though competitive points remain occupation‑dependent across health, engineering, ICT, and trades [web:47].
190 State Nominated
Subclass 190 confers permanent residence with state/territory nomination adding 5 points, typically requiring EOI plus state ROI where applicable, occupation eligibility on the jurisdiction’s list, and a commitment to reside in the nominating state for a period after grant [web:1].
States prioritise critical sectors such as healthcare, education, engineering, and ICT under 2024‑25 and 2025‑26 programs, so aligning skills with state demand can materially improve prospects for recent graduates [web:47].
491 Skilled Work Regional (Provisional)
Subclass 491 is a five‑year provisional visa for regional Australia that adds 15 points through nomination or eligible family sponsorship and leads to PR via subclass 191 after meeting residence and taxable income requirements in designated regional areas, which exclude the metropolitan cores of Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane [web:29][web:36].
Many graduates leverage 491 when 189/190 competition is high, then convert to 191 once three years of regional residence and the income threshold are met under program settings [web:36].
Pathway 2: Employer sponsorship
New Skills in Demand (subclass 482) — Core Skills stream
The SID 482 visa enables employers to sponsor graduates where they cannot source an appropriately skilled Australian, with the Core Skills stream requiring the occupation to be on CSOL, an approved sponsor, a compliant nomination and salary meeting the Core Skills Income Threshold, and the applicant meeting English, skills, and character requirements [web:68][web:71].
As of 2025, guidance indicates the Core Skills salary threshold has been indexed upward from 2024 levels, and applicants generally need at least one year of relevant work experience and minimum IELTS 5.0 (or equivalent) per band for eligibility in line with stream settings [web:100][web:92].
PR via Employer Nomination Scheme (subclass 186)
Most SID 482 holders can seek permanent residence through the ENS 186 Temporary Residence Transition pathway after the required period with their sponsoring employer under current policy guidance, simplifying progression from temporary sponsorship to PR for strong graduate hires [web:111].
Regional employer route (494 → 191)
Graduates employed in designated regional areas can pursue the Skilled Employer Sponsored Regional (subclass 494) visa with employer nomination and regional certifying processes, then transition to subclass 191 after meeting the residence and taxable income requirements over the prescribed period [web:99][web:102].
Post‑study work (Temporary Graduate 485) in 2025
The 485 program now has two principal streams with tightened settings: Post‑Higher Education Work for university qualifications and Post‑Vocational Education Work for VET‑level qualifications, with most applicants required to be aged 35 or under at application time [web:105][web:106].
Durations introduced from 1 July 2024 are generally two years for bachelor’s and coursework master’s, three years for master’s by research and PhD, and about 18 months for eligible VET qualifications, subject to stream rules and any limited exceptions for specific cohorts [web:106][web:112].
These changes mean graduates should use 485 strategically to build points, secure skills assessments, and gain experience relevant to state nomination or employer sponsorship rather than relying on extended post‑study stays [web:106].
Choosing the right pathway as a student
- Aim for occupations with clear skills assessment pathways and state or employer demand, noting GSM relies on the Department’s skilled occupation lists while SID sponsorship relies on CSOL under the Core Skills stream [web:1][web:71].
- If targeting 189/190/491, build a competitive points profile with higher English scores, work experience, regional study, and community language credentials under the published points table rules [web:29].
- If targeting sponsorship, engage employers early and align to CSOL roles with salaries meeting threshold and market rate requirements per SID nomination settings [web:71][web:100].
- Monitor SkillSelect invitation data to gauge competitiveness by occupation and recalibrate strategy toward 190/491 or employer routes as needed based on recent rounds [web:47].
Typical timelines
A well‑prepared graduate pathway can often span 12–30 months from skills assessment and EOI/ROI to PR grant depending on occupation demand, points, state cycles, and whether a sponsorship route is used before ENS PR [web:47][web:111].
FAQs
Do international students need a job offer to get PR?
No job offer is required for 189/190/491, but employer sponsorship via SID 482 or regional 494 can be the faster route to PR where a compliant sponsor is secured and the role aligns with CSOL or regional nomination criteria [web:1][web:71].
What points are needed for 189?
The legal pass mark is 65, but competitive cut‑offs vary by occupation and round, with August 2025 results showing wide points dispersion across invited fields under SkillSelect [web:29][web:47].
Is 485 still useful after the changes?
Yes, 485 remains a valuable bridge to gather skilled experience, improve English, finalise skills assessments, and position for state nomination or employer sponsorship under the new age and duration limits [web:105][web:106].
How do regional pathways help?
Regional options such as 491 and 494 expand opportunities and lead to PR via 191 after meeting residence and taxable income thresholds in designated regional areas under program rules [web:36][web:102].
Call to action
Need a tailored plan for PR as a current or recent student, including 485, 189/190/491, SID 482, and 494 → 191 mapping with realistic timelines and targets, based on 2025 rules and invitation data [web:105][web:47].
Book an eligibility assessment to identify the strongest pathway and immediate next steps for skills assessment, English, EOI/ROI, and employer engagement under updated 2025 settings [web:29][web:71].